Dr. V. Ravi Kumar, Physics

MY COURSES-R20
Name of the Faculty: DR. VALLURI RAVI KUMAR
APPLIED PHYSICS	IT, CSE, ECE
ENGINEERING PHYSICS	MECH, CIVIL Engineering

Course Objectives

1. Bridging the gap between the physics in school at 10+2 level and UG level
engineering courses.

2. To identify the importance of the optical phenomenon i.e. interference, diffraction and
polarization related to its Engineering applications

3. Understand the mechanism of emission of light, utilization of lasers as coherent light
sources for low and high energy applications, study of propagation of light through
optical fibers and their implications in optical communications.

4. Enlightenment of the concepts of Quantum Mechanics and to provide fundamentals of
deBroglie matter waves, quantum mechanical wave equation and its application, the
importance of free electron theory for metals and band theory for crystalline solids.
Metals- Semiconductors-Insulators concepts utilization of transport phenomenon of
charge carriers in semiconductors.

5. To explain the significant concepts of dielectric and magnetic materials that leads to
potential applications in the emerging micro devices.

6. To Understand the physics of Semiconductors and their working mechanism. To give
an impetus on the subtle mechanism of superconductors using the concept of BCS
theory and their fascinating applications.

Course Outcomes

1. Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference
   (L2). Identify the applications of interference in engineering (L3). Analyze the
    differences between interference and diffraction with applications (L4). Illustrate the
    concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2). Classify ordinary refracted
    light and extraordinary refracted rays by their states of polarization (L2)

2. Explain various types of emission of radiation (L2). Identify the role of laser in
    engineering applications (L3). Describe the construction and working principles of
    various types of lasers (L1). Explain the working principle of optical fibers (L2).
    Classify optical fibers based on refractive index profile and mode of propagation (L2).
    Identify the applications of optical fibers in medical, communication and other fields
    (L2). Apply the fiber optic concepts in various fields (L3).

3.Describe the dual nature of matter (L1). Explain the significance of wave function
   (L2). Identify the role of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation in studying
   particle in one-dimensional infinite potential well (L3). Identify the role of classical
   and quantum free electron theory in the study of electrical conductivity (L3). Classify
   the energy bands of solids (L2)

4. Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2).
   Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2). Interpret Lorentz field
   and Claussius-Mosotti relation in dielectrics (L2). Classify the magnetic materials
   based on susceptibility and their temperature dependence (L2). Explain the
   applications of dielectric and magnetic materials (L2). Apply the concept of
    magnetism to magnetic devices (L3)

5. Outline the properties of charge carriers in semiconductors (L2). Identify the type of
    semiconductor using Hall effect (L2). Identify applications of semiconductors in
    electronic devices (L2). Classify superconductors based on Meissner’s effect (L2).
    Explain Meissner’s effect, BCS theory & Josephson effect in superconductors (L2).

Unit-I: Wave Optics

Interference: Principle of superposition –Interference of light - Interference in thin films
(Reflection Geometry) & applications - Colors in thin films- Newton’s Rings- Determination
of wavelength and refractive index.

Diffraction: Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - Fraunhofer diffraction due to
single slit, double slit - N-slits (Qualitative) – Diffraction Grating - Dispersive power and
resolving power of Grating(Qualitative).

Polarization: Introduction-Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, refraction and
Double refraction - Nicol’s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference
(L2)
Ø Identify engineering applications of interference (L3)
Ø Analyze the differences between interference and diffraction with applications (L4)
Ø Illustrate the concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2)
Ø Classify ordinary polarized light and extraordinary polarized light (L2)

Unit-II: Lasers and Fiber optics

Lasers: Introduction – Characteristics of laser – Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions of
radiation – Einstein’s coefficients – Population inversion – Lasing action - Pumping
mechanisms – Ruby laser – He-Ne laser - Applications of lasers.

Fiber optics: Introduction –Principle of optical fiber- Acceptance Angle - Numerical
Aperture -Classification of optical fibers based on refractive index profile and modes –
Propagation of electromagnetic wave through optical fibers - Applications.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Understand the basic concepts of LASER light Sources (L2)
Ø Apply the concepts to learn the types of lasers (L3)
Ø Identifies the Engineering applications of lasers (L2)
Ø Explain the working principle of optical fibers (L2)
Ø Classify optical fibers based on refractive index profile and mode of propagation (L2)
Ø Identify the applications of optical fibers in various fields (L2

Unit III: Quantum Mechanics, Free Electron Theory and Band theory

Quantum Mechanics: Dual nature of matter – Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle –
Significance and properties of wave function – Schrodinger’s time independent and
dependent wave equations– Particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well.

Free Electron Theory: Classical free electron theory (Qualitative with discussion of merits
and demerits) – Quantum free electron theory– Equation for electrical conductivity based on
quantum free electron theory- Fermi-Dirac distribution- Density of states (3D) - Fermi
energy.

Band theory of Solids: Bloch’s Theorem (Qualitative) - Kronig - Penney model
(Qualitative)- E vs K diagram - v vs K diagram - effective mass of electron – Classification of crystalline solids–concept of hole.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Explain the concept of dual nature of matter (L2)
Ø Understand the significance of wave function (L2)
Ø Interpret the concepts of classical and quantum free electron theories (L2)
Ø Explain the importance of K-P model
Ø Classify the materials based on band theory (L2)
Ø Apply the concept of effective mass of electron (L3)

Unit-IV: Dielectric and Magnetic Materials

Dielectric Materials: Introduction - Dielectric polarization - Dielectric polarizability,
Susceptibility and Dielectric constant - Types of polarizations- Electronic (Quantitative),
Ionic (Quantitative) and Orientation polarizations (Qualitative) - Lorentz internal fieldClausius-Mossotti equation- Piezoelectricity.

Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic dipole moment - Magnetization-Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability - Origin of permanent magnetic moment - Classification of
magnetic materials: Dia, para, Ferro, antiferro & Ferri magnetic materials - Domain concept
for Ferromagnetism & Domain walls (Qualitative) - Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic
materials- Eddy currents- Engineering applications.

Unit Outcomes:
Ø Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2)
Ø Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2)
Ø Interpret Lorentz field and Claussius- Mosotti relation in dielectrics(L2)

Ø Classify the magnetic materials based on susceptibility and their temperature
dependence (L2)
Ø Explain the applications of dielectric and magnetic materials (L2)
Ø Apply the concept of magnetism to magnetic data storage devices (L3)

Unit – V: Semiconductors and Superconductors

Semiconductors: Introduction- Intrinsic semiconductors – Density of charge carriers –
Electrical conductivity – Fermi level – extrinsic semiconductors – density of charge carriers –
dependence of Fermi energy on carrier concentration and temperature - Drift and diffusion
currents – Einstein’s equation- Hall effect – Hall coefficient –Applications of Hall effect.

Superconductors: Introduction – Properties of superconductors – Meissner effect – Type I
and Type II superconductors – BCS theory (Qualitative) – Josephson effects (AC and DC) –
SQUIDs – High Tc superconductors – Applications of superconductors.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Classify the energy bands of semiconductors (L2)
Ø Interpret the direct and indirect band gap semiconductors (L2)
Ø Identify the type of semiconductor using Hall effect (L2)
Ø Identify applications of semiconductors in electronic devices (L2)
Ø Classify superconductors based on Meissner’s effect (L2)
Ø Explain Meissner’s effect, BCS theory & Josephson effect in superconductors (L2)

Text Books:
1. M. N. Avadhanulu, P.G.Kshirsagar & TVS Arun Murthy” A Text book of
Engineering Physics”- S.Chand Publications, 11th Edition 2019.
2. Engineering Physics” by D.K.Bhattacharya and Poonam Tandon, Oxford press (2015).
3. Applied Physics by P.K.Palanisamy SciTech publications.

Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley &Sons
2. Engineering Physics by M.R.Srinivasan, New Age international publishers (2009).
3. Shatendra Sharma, Jyotsna Sharma, “ Engineering Physics”, Pearson Education, 2018
4. Engineering Physics - Sanjay D. Jain, D. Sahasrabudhe and Girish, University Press
5. Semiconductor physics and devices- Basic principle – Donald A, Neamen, Mc Graw Hill
6. B.K. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi, Engineering Physics, Cengage Learning

ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Polarization: Introduction-Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, refraction and
Double refraction - Nicol’s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference (L2)
Ø Identify engineering applications of interference (L3)
Ø Analyze the differences between interference and diffraction with applications (L4)
Ø Illustrate the concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2)
Ø Classify ordinary polarized light and extraordinary polarized light (L2)

Unit-II: Lasers and Fiber optics

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Understand the basic concepts of LASER light Sources (L2)
Ø Apply the concepts to learn the types of lasers (L3)
Ø Identifies the Engineering applications of lasers (L2)
Ø Explain the working principle of optical fibers (L2)
Ø Classify optical fibers based on refractive index profile and mode of propagation (L2)
Ø Identify the applications of optical fibers in various fields (L2)

UNIT III: Engineering Materials

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2)
Ø Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2)
Ø Interpret Lorentz field and Claussius- Mosotti relation in dielectrics(L2)
Ø Classify the magnetic materials based on susceptibility and their temperature dependence
(L2)
Ø Explain the applications of dielectric and magnetic materials (L2)
Ø Apply the concept of magnetism to magnetic devices (L3)

Unit-IV: Acoustics and Ultrasonics

Acoustics: Introduction – requirements of acoustically good hall– Reverberation – Reverberation
time– Sabine’s formula (Derivation using growth and decay method) - Absorption coefficient and its determination – Factors affecting acoustics of buildings and their remedial measures.
Ultrasonics: Introduction - Properties - Production by magnetostriction and piezoelectric methods – Detection - Acoustic grating - Non Destructive Testing – pulse echo system through transmission and reflection modes - Applications.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Explain how sound is propagated in buildings (L2)
Ø Analyze acoustic properties of typically used materials in buildings (L4)
Ø Recognize sound level disruptors and their use in architectural acoustics (L2)
Ø Identify the use of ultrasonics in different fields (L3)

Unit-V: Crystallography and X-ray diffraction

Crystallography: Space lattice, Basis, Unit Cell and lattice parameters – Bravais Lattice – crystal systems (3D) – coordination number - packing fraction of SC, BCC & FCC - Miller indices – separation between successive (hkl) planes

X- ray diffraction: Bragg’s law - X-ray Diffractometer – crystal structure determination by Laue’s and powder methods.

Unit Outcomes:

Ø Classify various crystal systems (L2)
Ø Identify different planes in the crystal structure (L3)
Ø Analyze the crystalline structure by Bragg’s X-ray diffractometer (L4)
Ø Apply powder method to measure the crystallinity of a solid (L4)

Text books:

1. Engineering Physics – Dr. M.N. Avadhanulu & Dr. P.G. Kshirsagar, S. Chand and Company
2. Engineering physics – D.K. Battacharya and Poonam Tandon, Oxford University press.
3. Engineering Physics by P.K.Palanisamy SciTech publications.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley &Sons
2. Engineering Physics – M.R.Srinivasan, New Age Publications
3. Engineering Physics – D K Pandey, S. Chaturvedi, Cengage Learning
4. Engineering Physics - Sanjay D. Jain, D. Sahasrambudhe and Girish, University Press

Dr. V. Ravi Kumar, Physics

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Wednesday, August 4, 2021

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